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PARAGRAPH SPACING & LINE SPACING

The white spacing before and after the paragraph are called paragraph spacing. Similarly, the white spaces between adjacent lines are called line spacing. You can adjust the amount of space between consecutive lines and paragraphs in a document.

To adjust paragraph spacing, follow these steps.

Place the insertion point in a paragraph.
Select Paragraph from Format menu. The Paragraph dialog box will appear as shown below.
Click the Indents and Spacing tab in the Paragraph dialog box.
To specify amount of space before the selected paragraphs, type a number in the before box.
To specify spacing after the selected paragraphs, type a number in the after box.
Click OK button to apply the settings.

You can specify the amount of space in inches, points, and centimeters. For example, type 6pt to specify 6 points spacing or type 6cm to specify 6 centimeters spacing. The preview section of dialog box shows the effect of your selected spacing between the paragraphs.

To adjust line spacing, following shortcut keys can also be used for line spacing in the paragraph:

Ctrl + 1 used to set single line spacing.
Ctrl + 2 used to set double line spacing.
Ctrl + 5 used to set 1.5 line spacing.

How Conditional Formatting is applied in Excel?

A formatting that is applied to a cell or multiple cells and activated only if condition is met is called conditional formatting. For example, if a condition is applied in a selection that when any value in the selection is greater than 100, the value in the respective cell will be bold. In figure below, the conditional formatting is applied to the cells C3 to CIO. When values in these cells are changed, Excel automatically updates the format of the cell's.

In conditional formatting, you have to specify a condition or criteria for formatting. The criteria is specified in the Conditional Formatting dialog box.

To apply the conditional formatting, follow the steps.

Select the cell's, you want to apply conditional formatting.
Choose Conditional Formatting command from the Format menu. The Conditional Formatting dialog box will appear as shown below.
Specify the condition.
Click Format button to apply formatting. Format Cells dialog box will appear. Specify the format you want.
Click Add button to specify another condition. You can specify up to three different conditions.
Click OK.

To delete the conditional formatting, follow these steps.

Select the cell's, you want to delete the conditional formatting.
Choose Conditional Formatting command from the Format menu. The Conditional Formatting dialog box will appear.
Click Delete button to remove a condition. You will be asked to choose which condition (1, 2 or 3) you want to remove.
Select the condition and click Ok button.

Setting column Width and Row Height

The width of column and height of row can be changed very easily to properly accommodate the data in cells. The width of column or height of row is changed of row is changed by using one of the following ways.

By Dragging with Mouse

The easiest and shortcut way to change the width of a column or height of a row is by dragging with mouse.

To change the width of column or height of row by dragging, follow these steps:

Move the mouse pointer to the column heading’s border. When mouse pointer reaches the border between two column headings, mouse pointer changes to shape. Similarly, when mouse pointer reaches the border between two row headings, mouse pointer changes to shape.

Click and drag the border to change the width of column or height of row.

By Format Menu

Another way to change the width of a column or height of a row is by using Format menu. In this way, the exact width of column and height of row is specified.

To change the width of column or height of row by Format menu, follow these steps:

Select the column/row/cell whose width or height is to be changed.

Click Format menu on the Menu Bar and then select Column or Row from Format menu, a sub-menu is displayed.

Select your appropriate command from the sub-menu.

Editing the content of a cell in Excel file

Excel provides many ways to modify the contents of worksheet cells. The word Edit refers to the action of modifying contents of cells in a worksheet. After modifying the content of a cell, the Enter or Tab key is pressed.

Excel provides three techniques to edit the content of a cell.

By pressing F2 function key.
By clicking in the Formula bar.
By double-clicking inside a cell.

While editing the contents of a cell the Status bar displays "Edit", which shows Edit mode. In Edit mode, you can use different keys to navigate within the boundary of the cell.

Press Right or Left arrow key to move one character at a time.
Press Home key to move to the beginning of the entry.
Press End to move to the end of the entry.
Press Ctrl + Right or Left arrow to move to the next or previous word.
Press Del or Backspace to delete one character right or left to the insertion point.
Press Ctrl + Del to delete everything from the insertion point to the end of entry.
Press F2 again to exit Edit mode.

Rotating Text in Cells

In Excel, text of cells can be rotated to any direction or to a certain angle. It is called the orientation of the text. By default, orientation of text is horizontal.

To change the orientation of text, follow these steps.

Select cell or range of cells that contains data you want to rotate.

Select ”Cells” command from “Format” menu OR Press Ctrl+1, Format Cells dialog box appears.

Click Alignment tab of dialog box.

Specify angle in ”Degrees” spin box of orientation section.

Click “OK” button of dialog box.

Design the Background of Slide

The newly created slides as well as already existing slides are designed by applying different foreground and background color schemes. PowerPoint provides many tools to make the slides more attractive. Similarly, design templates are used to make the slides more attractive.

You can change the background of the slide to make the slide more beautiful. You can apply color or paste picture or apply many other effects to background of the slide. To change the background, follow these steps.

Select the slide, in Normal View, of which you want to change the background.
Select "Background" from the "Format" dropdown menu, Background dialog box appears as shown below.
Click the drop down list box in the "Background fill" area. Select the color for background or click Effects fill option in the same list and select your choice for slide background.
Click the Apply button to apply the background.
Now after selecting the design we will click on apply button.

Inserting Picture into Slide

You can also insert picture into a slide to make the presentation more meaningful and beautiful. The picture can be inserted from the clipart or from any image file stored on the disk.

To insert picture into slide from clipart, follow these steps.

Select the slide into which you want to insert picture.
Select "Picture" from "Insert" menu and then select "Clip Art" from subÂmenu, Clip Art dialog box appears.

Click Insert Clip Art on button the drawing toolbar.
Select picture category and choose required picture and right click mouse on the picture, a popup menu appears.
Select Insert command from the menu.

2. To insert picture from file stored on disk, follow these steps.

Select the slide into which you want to insert picture.
Select "Picture" from "Insert" menu and then select "From File" from sub menu, Insert Picture dialog box appears.
Select image file and click Insert button of dialog box.